Pumping



Jan. 2, 1934. l T, BELLO@ 1,941,593

PUMPING Filed sept. so, 1929 s sheets-sneet 1 Jan. 2, 1934.

PUMPING Filed Sept. 30, 1929 3 Sheets-Shet 2 m Wr/iff T. BELLocQ I l A1,941,593 v Jan. 2, 1934. T. BELLocQ 1,941,593

PUMPING v Filed Sept. 50, 1929 5 .Sheets-Sheet- 3 Patented Jan. 2, 1934 autres s'rA'ri-:s

PATENT OFFSICE Application September 30, 1929 Serial No. 396,29

21 Claims.

The invention relates to pumping liquid especially by that method by which the energy for moving the liquid is transmitted through the liquid itself by means of compression waves or variations of compression and volume moving through the liquid whereby liquids may be extracted from substantially any depth without complicated mechanism in the well.

Pumps of this kind are described in Patent 1,730,335 and 1,730,337 issued October l, 1929, the applications for which were pending in the Patent Omce when the present application was led.

The present invention involves the discovery that an improved pumping effect may be accomplished by mcdiiying the relative size and arrangement therein certain auxiliary devices. These are reierred to herein as filters and may be made up of inertias, capacities, resistances, leakages or any of them and may be arranged in series, in shunt or in derivation to the main'liquid conveying pipe of the pumping system.

Compression waves moving in liquid are to a very considerable extent controlled by or operate in accordance with substantially the same laws resistance or in inertia in the system eiectv changes therein including varying phase differences between pressure and ow of the impulses in the liquid. In an ordinary line which has its capacity, inertia, resistance and leakage more or less uniformly distributed throughout the Alength of the apparatus the efllciency of the line and the quantityrof liquid which is to be pumped with such eiiiciency may be determined. Often,

. however, it may be desired to change the conditions of such a lineto'adapt it to a given speed, given emciency or a given volume of pumped liquid. There may be produced an artificial line whose capacity, inertia, rsistance and leakage will be the combination of the natural capacity, inertia, resistance and leakage with added capacity, inertia, resistance and leakage.

Inertia, as employed herein, refers to an eleoi the various elements of the pumping system and by adding to or inserting (Cl. 10S- 1) ment in or inserted in the system for reducing the passageway at one or more points and/or decreasing the elasticity of the liquid.

Capacity, as employed herein, refers to an element in or inserted in the system :for increasing the passageway at one or more points and/or increasing the elasticity of the liquid.

Leakage, as employed herein, refers to liquid leaving the system ,whether at the-main outlet for the pumped liquid or at other points in the 05 system some cf which may be accidental, unavoidable and incalculable. The entrance of liquid into the system may be considered as negative leakage. Y

Resistance, as employed herein, is the retard-I ing -eect of the system on the wave movement.

Friction, as employed herein, is the resistance caused 'by contact of the liquid with the pipe or within the liquid.

Filter, as employed herein, refers to assemblage iii of inertias, capacities, resistances and leakages, or one or more of them, and this is referred to by the term Wave lter used in the claims A filter may be said to be arranged in series when it is in such a portion of the system that so a Wave goes directly through the lter and passes on to another portion of the system. A illter mayv be said to be in shunt when the wave takes a divided path going through a plurality of elements of the fllter. A lter may be said to be in derivation when the wave enters it from the main path of the Wave and returns again to that path.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of one form the pumping apparatus may take. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of another form the apparatus may take. Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections of pipes provided with inertias. Figs. 5, v6, 7 and 8 are longitudinal sections of pipes 95 provided with capacities. Figs. 9, 10 and ll are diagrammatic illustrations of low pass electric filters. Figs. 9a, 10a and lla are diagrammatic illustrations of low pass acoustic illters applied to liquid systems. Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are di'a- 100 grammatic illustrations of high pass electric filters. Figs. 12a, 13a and 14a are diagrammatic illustrations of high pass acoustic tllters applied to liquid systems. Figs. 15, 16 and 17 arediagrammatic.illustrationsV of band pass electric illters. Figs,.15a, 16a and '17a are diagrammaticV illustrations of band pass acoustic illters applied to liquid systems.

Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic illustration oi' a pumping apparatus such as shown in Fig. 1 to 110 which is applied the devices illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pumping apparatus such as shown in Fig. 2 to which is applied the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 11a. Fig. 20 is a pumping apparatus such as is illustrated in Fig. l. to which is applied the device illustrated in. Fig. 13a.

The pumping system in general is illustrated as-including a pipe 50 provided with a check valve 5l at its lower end intended to be inserted in the well or other source of supply of liquid to be pumped. At the other end of the pipe is shown a compression chamber or cylinder 52 in which moves a piston 53 controlled by a cam 54 on a suitably operated shaft 55. There is an outlet cock or valve 56 of any suitable type through which the liquid is pumped here shown in an outlet pipe 57. In Fig. 1 the outlet is shown leading directly from the compression chamber or cylinder 52 while in Fig. 2 it is shown as directly connected to the pipe 50 so that the outgoing liquid will not pass through the compression chamber or cylinder. The cock or valve 56 may be open at all times during operation or it may be opened and closed at.

appropriate times during the operation either manually or automatically.

In Fig. 3 a pipe 58 is shown provided with a narrow annular obstruction 59 which acts as an inertia for the current of waves passing through liquid in the pipe. lin Fig. 4 there is shown at 58 a similar inertia 60 which takes the form of an elongated sleeve and so has a different value from the inertia shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 5 is shown a pipe 58 provided with rigid protuberance's 6i which act as a capacity in series with the pipe. In Fig. 6 is shown a pipe 58 which is connected to a closed rigid chamber 52 which when filled with liquid acts as a capacity in derivation. ln Fig. 7 is shown a pipe 58 connected with a chamber 63 closed at its outer end by a diaphragm 64. When the chamber 63 is filled with liquid it acts as a capacity in derivation. n Fig. t is shown a pipe 58 froml which leads a pipe 65 in which is a snugly iltting piston 66 movable against springs 67 and 68. The resiliency of the springs takes the place of liquid resiliency and acts as a capacity in derivation to the pipe 58. These are illustrative only and other forms of inertia and capacity may be employed.

The pipe through which liquid is to be pumped may be horizontal, vertical or inclined or bent. If there is a bend in the pipe the relation between the parts on each side of the bend tends to produce an harmonic of the principal wave and in order to work most `efficiently this harmonic should preferably have a node in the elbow at the bend. The elbow thus acts as an inertia.

The entrance or the exit of the liquid pumped may also tend to produce an harmonic four times as long as the length of the liquid which passes through the pipe at each stroke of the compressv ing device. It is desirable to have this harmonic the same as the harmonic produced by the proportion between the portions of a bent lineor atleast an harmonic thereof. 'Ihe flowing of the liquid through the inlet or the outlet has some-l what the effect of an inertia. The change in size between the pipe carrying the liquid and the cylinder of the compressor at their point of connection has somewhat the same eiect'as an inertia. The small chamber generally employed at the outlet cock or valve between the compressor piston and the pipe line and likewise the cylinder itself each have somewhat the same eflect as a capacity. This chamber may be omitted and the cylinder alone be referred to as the compression chamber.

There are several elements of the apparatus which may be adjusted to change-or vary the efiiciency of operation including: (1) the size of the compression chamber may bevaried; (2) the relative size of the connection between the compression chamber and the pipe may be varied; (3) the cross-section of the pipe through which the liquid is pumped may be varied; (4) the speed or timing of the piston may be varied: (5) the size or cross-section of the piston or its length of stroke may be varied (6) the size or opening of the check valve through which liquid enters the system may be varied; or (7) the size and suddenness of the opening of the outlet may b e varied. In order to procure proper and appropriate adjustments or regulation of the system any or all of the various elements may be appropriately and correspondingly varied. The quantitative eiect of variations in the different elements of the apparatus is not the same.

A difference in operation is produced when the outlet is in the compression chamber from that produced when the outlet is on the pipe. In the rst arrangement increasing the size or opening of the check valve or in the second arrangement' decreasing the size or the opening of the check valve effects a Variation in the same direction as (l) increasing the size of the compression chamber (2) decreasing the relative size of the connectionbetween the chamber and the pipe (3) decreasing the cross-sectionof the pipe through which the liquid is pumped (4) increasing the speed or decreasing the timing of the piston (5) increasing the size or cross-section of the piston or its length of stroke (6) increasing the size of opening of the outlet. This indicates the direction of change to be made to compensate for any change in the apparatus. f the outlet on the pipe is removed farther from the connection between the pipe and the compression chamber or if inertia associated with the outlet is moved farther from the connection between the pipe and compression chamber the effect is of the same character as would be an enlargement of the compression chamber. It is generally desirable, however, to put the outlet, the inertia and the connection between the pipe and the compression chamber as close together as'possible because when they are separated one from another there is no longer merely the eiect of a chamber assembled at one place but the eiect of a chamber like a piece of pipe with diierent inductions in each extremity. With such an arrangement it is more diicult to calculate the exact 'value of Lil such a chamber. Sometimes, however, it is found the wave will be deformed u it proceeds through *A the liquid. It may then be desirable to put additional or new capacities, inertias, resistance or leakage in one or'several parts of the apparatus lto prevent this deformation of the current.

Somewhat similarly in telegraphic and telephonie lines traveling great distances means are provided to prevent deformation of the circuit Wave such as are provided by the system of Puppini or others.

It may be desirable to choosev a vibration or wave of such a character that the liquid will vibrate with the natural vibration produced by gravity. For example a compressor may be so operated as to cause an artificial acceleration during its stroke corresponding to the natural acceleration produced by gravity on the liquid freely falling in the system. When this natural vibration is not convenient forlthe quantity of liquid it is desired to pump the constants of theline may be appropriately changed to produce the desired effect.

When the pipe is large enough or the quantity of the liquid pumped is small in relation to the size of the pipe, the resistance will be small and for practical purposes may beneglected. It is desirable vthat the leakage in the system, be reduced to a minimum so that the only value of leakage to be considered-may be that produced by the liquid pumped through the outlet. `Entrance of liquid into the system may be considered as negative leakage.

The compression waves in the liquid of the pumping system are somewhat analogous to sound waves. Therefore, elements which modify the waves in the liquid of the pump may for convenience be referred to as acoustic elements and it is to be understood that when the term acoustic or hydraulic is employed herein it relates to an element modifying the compression waves inthe liquid incre or less in accordance with the laws of sound waves in the liquid. This may be a convenient form of expression and it may aid in understanding the present invention to bear in mind the analogy between the compression waves in the liquid in the pumping system and sound waves.

Acoustic inertia or self induction may be an apparatus having only inertia which may be formed for instance by a reduction of a section of the pipe. Likewise acoustic capacity maybe a chamber communicating with the pipe and filled with the liquid. Acoustic inertias, capacities, resistances and leakages may be combined to form acoustic filters analogous to electric filters and their effect on the compression waves .in the pumping system may be analogous to their effect on sound waves. As in electricity such acoustic filters in the pumping system may be referred to as low pass filters, high pass filters and band pass filters. The low pass filters may let pass or produce vibrations of a frequency lower than a certain speed or may so convert other vibrations received. The high pass filtersmay let pass or may produce vibrations of a frequency higher than a certain speed or may so convert other vibrations received. The

band pass filters may let pass or may produce vibrations of a frequency between two certain speeds, or may so convert other vibrations received. All of these filters may stop or not let pass other vibrations. Acoustic filters may be arranged in accordance with the same laws as electric filters. It may be easier to make filters occupyinga very short space in relation to the wave length. It is possible, however, to employ other longer filters but theA exact determination of their effect may be more difcult.

The analogies between electric filters and acoustic filters exist not only in lwords but they are true physical analogies. The phenomena of the propagation of an electric current and of sound waves and of compression waves in liquid are controlled by the same laws. In dealing with these waves the combination of acoustic inertia, capacities, resistance and leakages accomplish similar results as are accomplished by combinations of similar elements in electric circuits. In order to facilitate determining the effect of a filter it is desirable that the two extremities of the lter be of the same value. It is possible; however, to employ filters having extremities of. different values. In such an arrangement the difference in the two extremities may produce an effect of itself. The ideal filter is onewhich without substantial loss of energy will let pass the frequency which it is desired to employ in the apparatus and at the same time stop other frequencies. Generally filters of this character cannot be completely realized in practice, but it is desirable toemploy filters approaching this ideal as nearly as possible. A general filter may be employed or several filters may be employed in a single system being associated or combined with similar or different filters.

Generally electric circuits employ two Wires or lines and the induction, capacity, resistance andleakage vmay be installed in one or both or between them in series, derivation, or in shunt. In liquid systems, especially pumping systems,

usually there is but a single line or pipe but the Thev effect of filters put in derivation may bel varied, forv example by putting a capacity in derivation made not of a closed chamber filled with the same liquid but of a closed chamber vfilled with another liquid of dierent density or elasticity, separated by a membrane from the other liquid or by a chamber filled by the saine liquid but closed by a membrane which separates the liquid from the air. The capacity thus is to be considered as not between the line and the ground but between the line and another artificial ground. The natural vibration of the liquid will be different in the different cases. This chamber filled with the different liquid or provided with a membrane may be replaced by a cylinder having a floating piston maintained by springs which make the piston work like a membrane. The introduction of any of these different apparatus having vibration characteristics different from the natural vibrations of the line has the effect of changing the constants of the line and may be employed ina manner similar to the more usual type of filters. Any other suitable form of capacity, inertia, resistance or leakage may be employed.

For installations operated under substantially constant conditions a filter of exact characteristics may be employed, but for gther installations I less exact filters may be employed.

In Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are shown examples of characteristic electrical low pass lters. In Figs. 9a, 10a and 11a are shown similar characteristic low pass acoustic filters applied to, liquid systems. The arrangement in Fig. 9a corresponds to that in Fig. 9; the arrangement in Fig. 10a corresponds to that in Fig. 10, while that in Fig. 11a corresponds with that in Fig. 11. In each instance the electrical inertias 69 are replaced by acoustic inertias '70 while the electric capacities 'I1 are replaced by acoustic capacities 72. Figs. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate types of electric high pass filters and Figs. 12a, 13a and 14a illustrate types of acoustic high pass lters corresponding respectively to the electric lters illustrated in Figs. 12, 13 and 14. Figs. 15, 16, and 17 illustrate diagrammatically electric band pass filters and Figs. 15a, 16a and 17a illustrate characteristic acoustic band pass filters applied to liquid systems corresponding respectively to the filters iliustrated in Figs. 15, 16 and 17. In all of these figures the electrical inertias 69 correspond to the acoustic inertias 70 and the electric capacities 71 correspond to the acoustic capacities 72. The filter arrangements here illustrated are selected as types only. These and other appropriate electric filters may be followed with like effect and the corresponding acoustic lters inserted at appropriate points in liquid systems withV corresponding results and the term filter is used to include all such devices as rectify, transform, alter, or modulate the currents of the compression waves set up in the liquid in the pumping system.

`In Fig. 18 is shown a simple pumping system such as shown in Fig. 1 but modified by being associated with the lters or wave modifying dcvices illustrated in, Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive. The capacities 61, 62, 64 and that having the piston 66 are associated with inertias 59 and 60. As illustrated the inertia 59 and the capacity 61 are shown relatively near to the pump cylinder 52 and the other wave modifying devices are distributed throughout the line 66 being very near to the inlet valve 51. 59, 60 and 61 are in series while 62, 64 and 66 are in derivation. This specific arrangement is not essential nor is it essential that all of these devices be incorporated in a single system. In general a single device may be sufficient. For instance the inertia 59 might be employed and the devices 60, 6l, 62, 64 and 66 omitted or any two or more of them might be omitted. Likewise the particular position ofthese various devices in the system is not essential. For instance the device 66 which is shown as near the check valve 51 might be installed where the device 61 is illustrated near the pump cylinder 52 or any other desired arrangement and location of any or all of these devices may be made. Instead of assembling in a single system a plurality of different wave modifying devices as illustrated in Fig. 18 a pluraiity of similar devices might be employed wht i more than one is desired and the location of ail of the devices is interchangeable. When apparatus such as is illustrated in Fig. 1 is operated the wave produced in the liquid will have certain characteristics and for the conditions of operation it may be that that `wave is satisfactory and eiiicient. It may be, however, that for the conditions under which the apparatus is operating the wave produced by apparatus such as. illustrated in Fig. 1 .will not have the desired characteristics and may not be effectively eiiicient to produce the desired pumping effect. By adding to the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 any one or more of the devices illustrated in Figs. 3 to 17 the characteristic of the wave may be modified so as to produce the desired effective efcient result. Thus the wave set up in such an apparatus as Fig. 18 will have characteristics different from the wave set up in such an apparatus as Fig. 1 and the addition or removal of any one of the impedance or capacity devices illustrated in Fig. 18 will correspondingly modify the wave.

In Fig. 19 is shown assembled in such a pump as is shown in Fig. 2 a lter such as illustrated in Fig. 11a and in Fig. 20 such a filter as illustrated in Fig. 13a is illustrated in connection with such a, pump as shown in Fig. 1. As indicated, when the arrangement is applied to a pumping system there may be present only one pipe line the other pipe being omitted and replaced by an artificial ground similarly to the arrangement by which a two wire electric system may be employed with only one wire and a ground. In the pumping system the effect of a ground may be procured by closing the connection to the omitted pipe. Likewise the filters illustrated in Figs. 9a, 10a, 12a, 14a, 15a, 16a and 17a or any grouping or combinations of them or other filters may be assembled into a single apparatus. The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 19 is in part a shunt arrangement and, incorporating a lowpass filter, will modify the waves in the pumping system and allow only those waves having frequencies lower than a certain desired speed or it may convert to such speed other vibrations in the system. Similarly the filter associated with the pumping system in Fig. 20 being a highpass filter will modify the waves in the pumping system and allow only those waves having frequencies higher than a certain desired speed or it may convert to such speed other vibrations in the system.

The devices shown are only preferred embodiments of the invention, but anyother suitable devices may be used for the same purposes.

The weight of the check Valve or the strength of springs sometimes controlling it which change the character of its opening change the value of the inertia produced by its opening. The check valve being inertia and so a filter element may be omitted and the other elements oi the apparatus adjusted accordingly. When more than one pump is in tice pipe line each pump may act as check valve or inlet for the succeeding pump. Variations in the speed of the piston during a stroke are of importance. When the piston is moved by a crank shaft the speed increases from zero to maximuin speed during the first half of the time of the entrance of the piston (that is, the nrst quarter of a complete cycle) and produces an acceleration in the lifting of the liquid. In the second half of the time of entrance of the piston (that is, the second quarter of a complete cycle) the speed of the piston decelerates lgoing ,from its high speed to zero speed. Thus the liquid tends to be lifted with more strength when the piston is entering during the first half of its forward stroke and tends, because of the deceleration, to be lifted with less strength in each unit of time when the piston is entering during the second half of its forward stroke. In general under these conditions it is better to open the outlet valve when or before the piston reaches the half point of the inward stroke. Sometimes it may be better to open the valveat the end of the entrance stroke of the piston or somewhat before. When a proper cam is employed to operate the piston, the piston speed increases throughout the entire advance movement so the same effect may sometimes be produced by a cam which gives only one-half the length of movement to the piston as would be given by a corresponding crank. When such a cam is used only only-half as'much liquid may be forced out of the piston cylinder as with a crank and hence at each stroke. less liquid need go into the cylinder to keep it full in Aorder to get as much liquid output from the apparatus. With the most eilicient adjustment of the apparatus, during the acceleration of the piston liquid is lifted, that is to say, the liquid may be moving from the check valve to the compressor. If the valve is opened at this moment the liquid which is already moving upward,'wi1l tend to be lifted with more efficiency since it is not obliged to change its direction.

The suddenness of opening the outlet being the principal element in' the transformation of the compression waves should be especially considered and arranged to cooperate with the rest of the system.

In certain cases it may be desired to produce a certain pressure in the apparatus at the time the outlet is opened as in this connection it seems that the liquid pumped going out with a certainpressure will carry with it enough energy to lift the liquid higher than the apparatus. tus working in this form may work somewhat like a combination of the system employing the open cock at the outlet and the system opening and closing` the valve, retaining thus the advantages of both systems. i

The conditions involved in the use and applica-- tion of lters indicate the important effect which` may be produced by small defects in the apparatus such asleakage, holes or couplings or connections which allow liquid to pass out, these defects being analogous to the bad effect -produced in electrical circuits by bad contacts or by other defects in different parts of the apparatus, etc. The piston may work either with the cylinder horizontal orvertical or inclined, or any other suitable means may be employed to produce variations in compression in the liquid to set up the compression waves. The pipe through which liquid flows may be either horizontal' or vertical or inclined, and it may be curved, bent or straight. All of these arrangements may be referred to as pumps, and the term pumping is used as including moving, transporting or conveying in vertical or horizontal or inclined directions or a combination of any of them, and the liquids so pumped may be simple liquids or` may carry more or less solid matter or gases.

I claim as my invention:

1. 'I'he method` of varying and adjusting the efliciency of pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid an inlet and an outlet therefor and means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, comprising associating and communicating a wave filter with the pipe so as'to modify the waves in the liquid.

2. Pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid, an inlet and an outlet therefor, means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, a wave filter associated and communicating with the pipe so as to modify the waves in the liquid.

3. Pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid, an inlet and an outlet therefor, means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, inertia, capacity and leakage associated and communicating with the pipe so as to modify the waves in the liquid.

4. Pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid, an inlet and an outlet therefor, means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, inertia associated and communicating with the pipe so as to modify the Waves in the liquid.

5. Pumping apparatus comprising a. pipe car- 'I'he appara-r rying liquid, an inlet and an outlet therefor, means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, capacity associated and communicating with the pipe so as to modify the waves in the liquid.

6. Pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid, an inlet and an outlet therefor,

.means for causing compression waves to pass through the liquid and thereby cause movement of liquid through the apparatus, inertia and capacity associated and communicating with the pipe so as to modify the Waves in the liquid.

7. Pumping apparatus comprising a pipe carrying liquid, means for causing compression Waves to pass through the liquid, whereby the waves cause liquid to now through the apparatus, a'nd an auxiliary wave filter associated and communicatingwith the pipe so as to modify the waves.

8. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising a check valve in the liquid supply, a compressor at the point of delivery including a cylinder and a piston and an outlet pipe, a pipe filled with liquid extending from the valve to the compressor, means for reciprocating` the piston rapidly through a short stroke whereby the compression of the liquid produced by the piston is varied and a Wave filter associated and communicating with the last named pipe which when altered varies the output of the pump.

9. An apparatus for pumping liquid comprising a pipe filled with liquid leading to the liquid supply, a check valve in the pipe in the liquid supply, a compressor cylinder at the other end of the pipe, an open outlet .from the cylinder, a piston to alternately compress the liquid in the pipe and release the pressure, and awave filter associated and communicating with the pipe.

10. Apparatus for pumping liquid comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure to set up waves in the liquid, an outlet for the pipe whereby the waves cause liquid to enter and iiow through the pipe and auxiliary wave filters associated` and communicating with thepipe which when altered vary the liquid flow through the pipe.

11. Apparatus for pumping liquid comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe, separate means for alternately releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe whereby the variations in compression cause the liquid to enter and ow through the pipe, and an auxiliary wave filter for varying the flow.

12. Apparatus for pumping liquids ycomprising a pipe leading to the liquid supply filled with liquid, a check valve in the pipe within the liquid to be moved, an outlet for the li'quid, means for compressing the liquid in the pipe, separate means for suddenly releasing the pressure, and anauxilary wave lter for varying the flow of the liquid. l

13. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising a pipe leading to the liquid supply and filled with liquid, a check valve in the pipe within the liquid supply, an outlet for the liquid, means to set up a contemporaneous plurality of series of compression waves in the liquid in the pipe to operate the check valve and'move the liquid, and an auxiliary wave filter for varying the flow of the liquid.

14. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause liquid to enter and ilow through the pipe, and an enlargement connected with the pipe modifying the pumping eiect.

15. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause liquid to enter and flow through the pipe, and an enlargement inthe pipe modifying the pumping effect.

16. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause liquid toenter and flow through,v

the pipe, and an obstruction in the pipe modifying the pumping effect.

1'7. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause liquid to enter and flow through the pipe, and an obstruction and an enlargement in the pipe modifying the pumping effect.4

18. Apparatus for pumping liquids comprising' means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe and releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause liquid to enter and flow through the pipe, and an obstruction and an enlargement in a passageway connected with the pipe modifying the pumping eiect.

19. The method of regulating the output of a pumping apparatus comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe, separate means for alternately releasing the pressure and an outlet for the pipe, whereby the variations in compression cause the liquid to enter and ow through the pipe, consisting of inserting and regulating, varying and/or adjusting auxiliary and additional wave lter elements.

20. The method of regulating the Aoutput of apparatus for pumping liquid comprising means for alternately compressing a body of liquid in a pipe, separate means for alternately releasing the pressure, an outlet for the pipe whereby the variations in compression .cause the liquid to enter and now through the pipe, and an auxiliary wave illter for varying the'tlow, consisting of regulating, varying and/or adjusting the auxiliary wave'lter.

21. The method of regulating the output of apparatus for pumping liquids comprising a pipe leading to the liquid supply and lled with liquid, a check valve in the pipe within the liquid supply, an outlet for the liquid, means to set up a contemporaneous plurality of series of compression waves in the liquid in the pipe to operate the check valve and move the liquid, and an auxiliary wave ilter for varying the flow ofthe liquid, consisting of regulating, varying and/or adjusting the auxiliary wave lter.

'roRrBIo' BELLOCQ. 

